Ovarian follicle dynamics of female Greater Scaup during egg production
نویسندگان
چکیده
Studies of female waterfowl nutrient reserve use during egg production require a precise understanding of ovarian follicle dynamics to correctly interpret breeding status, and, therefore, derive proper inference. Concerns over numerical declines of North American scaup have increased the need to better understand the role of female condition in reproductive performance. We quantified ovarian follicle dynamics of female Greater Scaup (Aythya marila) breeding on the Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska, using a method that accounts for within day variation in follicle size. We considered several models for describing changes in follicle growth with the best supported model estimating the duration of rapid follicle growth (RFG) to be 5.20 ± 0.52 days (±95% confidence intervals) for each developing follicle. Average diameter and dry mass of preovulatory follicles were estimated to be 9.36 mm and 0.26 g, respectively, at the onset of RFG, and these follicle characteristics were 41.47 mm and 15.57 g, respectively, at ovulation. The average diameter of postovulatory follicles immediately following ovulation was estimated to be 17.35 mm, regressing quickly over several days. In addition, we derived predictive equations using diameter and dry mass to estimate the number of days before, and after, ovulation for preand postovulatory follicles, as well as an equation to estimate dry mass of damaged follicles. Our results allow precise definition of RFG and nest initiation dates, clutch size, and the daily energetic and nutritional demands of egg production at the individual level. This study provides the necessary foundation for additional work on Greater Scaup reproductive energetics and physiology, and offers an approach for quantifying ovarian follicle dynamics in other species. SINOPSIS. Dinámica de los folı́culos en el ovario de Aythya marila durante la producción huevos Los estudios sobre las reservas de nutrientes utilizadas por hembras de patos durante la producción de huevos requiere un entendimiento claro sobre la dinámica de los foĺıculos en los ovarios para interpretar el estatus reproductivo de las aves y poder hacer inferencias apropiadas sobre el asunto. La preocupación sobre la reducción en números de Aythya marila ha hecho necesario el tratar de ententer el rol de la condición de la hembra en su ejecución reproductiva. Cuantificamos la dinámica de foĺıculos en aves reproduciéndose en el delta del Yukon-Kuskokwin, Alaska, utilizando un método que permite determinar variación o cambios en los foĺıculos de un dia para otro. Consideramos diferentes modelos para describir los cambios en el crecimiento de los foĺıculos. El mejor modelo permitio determinar la duración de crecimiento rápido del foĺıculo (CRF) que fue de 5.20±0.52 dias (±95% intervalo de confiabilidad) para cada foĺıculo que se estaba desarrollando. El diámetro promedio y masa seca de foĺıculos pre-ovulación se estimó en 9.36 mm y 0.26 g, respectivamente, en la vispera de CRF, y el tamaño y peso de dichos foĺıculos fue de 41.47 mm y 15.57 g, respectivamente, al momento de la ovulación. El diámetro promedio de foĺıculos postovulación, inmediatamente luego de la ovulación, fue de 17.35 mm, con una regresión en tamaño rápidamente en los próximos dias. Pudimos además derivar ecuaciones de predicción utilizando el diámetro de los foĺıculos y el peso de masa seca, para determinar el número de dias previos y después de la ovulación, para pre y post foĺıculos, al igual que una ecuación para determinar la masa seca de foĺıculos dañados. Nuestos resultados permiten definir con precisión el CRF, la fecha de comienzo de la nidada, tamaño de la camada y la demanda energética y alimentaria diaria para la producción de huevos a nivel individual. Además el trabajo provee de los fundamentos básicos para continuar con estudios de gasto energético para la reproducción y la fisiologı́a de Aythya marila, y ofrece una forma para cuantificar la dinámica folicular de otras especies de patos.
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تاریخ انتشار 2007